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Draft Introduction to SNMPv2 Dec 92
Introduction to version 2 of the
Internet Network Management Framework
Tue Dec 22 13:43:46 1992 |
Jeffrey D. Case
SNMP Research, Inc.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
case@cs.utk.edu
Keith McCloghrie
Hughes LAN Systems
kzm@hls.com
Marshall T. Rose
Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
mrose@dbc.mtview.ca.us
Steven L. Waldbusser
Carnegie Mellon University
waldbusser@andrew.cmu.edu
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are
working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other
groups may also distribute working documents as Internet
Drafts.
Internet Drafts are valid for a maximum of six months and may
be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as a "work in progress".
Expires June 22, 1993 [Page 1]
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1. Introduction
The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of
version 2 of the Internet-standard Network Management
Framework, termed the SNMP version 2 framework (SNMPv2). This
framework is derived from the original Internet-standard
Network Management Framework (SNMPv1), which consists of these
three documents:
RFC 1155 [1] which defines the Structure of Management
Information (SMI), the mechanisms used for describing and
naming objects for the purpose of management.
RFC 1212 [2] which defines a more concise description
mechanism, which is wholly consistent with the SMI.
RFC 1157 [3] which defines the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP), the protocol used for network access to
managed objects.
For information on coexistence between SNMPv1 and SNMPv2,
consult [4].
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2. Components of the SNMPv2 Framework
A network management system contains: several (potentially
many) nodes, each with a processing entity, termed an agent,
which has access to management instrumentation; at least one
management station; and, a management protocol, used to convey
management information between the agents and management
stations. Operations of the protocol are carried out under an
administrative framework which defines both authentication and
authorization policies.
Network management stations execute management applications
which monitor and control network elements. Network elements
are devices such as hosts, routers, terminal servers, etc.,
which are monitored and controlled through access to their
management information.
2.1. Structure of Management Information
Management information is viewed as a collection of managed
objects, residing in a virtual information store, termed the
Management Information Base (MIB). Collections of related
objects are defined in MIB modules. These modules are written
using a subset of OSI's Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
[5]. It is the purpose of the Structure of Management
Information for SNMPv2 document [6] to define that subset.
The SMI is divided into three parts: module definitions,
object definitions, and, trap definitions.
(1) Module definitions are used when describing information
modules. An ASN.1 macro, MODULE-IDENTITY, is used to
concisely convey the semantics of an information module.
(2) Object definitions are used when describing managed
objects. An ASN.1 macro, OBJECT-TYPE, is used to
concisely convey the syntax and semantics of a managed
object.
(3) Notification definitions are used when describing
unsolicited transmissions of management information. An
ASN.1 macro, NOTIFICATION-TYPE, is used to concisely
convey the syntax and semantics of a notification.
Expires June 22, 1993 [Page 3]
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2.2. Textual Conventions
When designing a MIB module, it is often useful to new define
types similar to those defined in the SMI. In comparison to a
type defined in the SMI, each of these new types has a
different name, a similar syntax, but a more precise
semantics. These newly defined types are termed textual
conventions, and are used for the convenience of humans
reading the MIB module. It is the purpose of the Textual
Conventions for SNMPv2 document [7] to define the initial set
of textual conventions available to all MIB modules.
Objects defined using a textual convention are always encoded
by means of the rules that define their primitive type.
However, textual conventions often have special semantics
associated with them. As such, an ASN.1 macro, TEXTUAL-
CONVENTION, is used to concisely convey the syntax and
semantics of a textual convention.
2.3. Protocol Operations
The management protocol provides for the exchange of messages
which convey management information between the agents and the
management stations. The form of these messages is a message
"wrapper" which encapsulates a Protocol Data Unit (PDU). The
form and meaning of the "wrapper" is determined by an
administrative framework which defines both authentication and
authorization policies.
It is the purpose of the Protocol Operations for SNMPv2
document [8] to define the operations of the protocol with
respect to the sending and receiving of the PDUs.
2.4. Transport Mappings
The management protocol, version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol, may be used over a variety of protocol
suites. It is the purpose of the Transport Mappings for
SNMPv2 document [9] to define how the SNMPv2 maps onto an
initial set of transport domains. Other mappings may be
defined in the future.
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Although several mappings are defined, the mapping onto UDP is
the preferred mapping. As such, to provide for the greatest
level of interoperability, systems which choose to deploy
other mappings should also provide for proxy service to the
UDP mapping.
2.5. Protocol Instrumentation
It is the purpose of the Management Information Base for
SNMPv2 document [10] to define managed objects which describe
the behavior of a SNMPv2 entity. The Manager to Manager MIB
document [11] defines an initial set of managed objects which
describe the behavior of a SNMPv2 entity which acts in a
manager role. It is expected that extensions to this MIB will
be defined in the future.
2.6. Administrative Framework
It is the purpose of the Administrative Model for SNMPv2
document [12] to define the behavior of a SNMPv2 party - a |
conceptual, virtual |
execution context whose operation is restricted (for security
or other purposes) to an administratively defined subset of
all possible operations of a particular SNMPv2 entity.
Associated with each SNMPv2 party is a single authentication
protocol and a single privacy protocol. It is the purpose of
the Security Protocols for SNMPv2 document [13] to define
those protocols.
The Party MIB for SNMPv2 document [14] defines managed objects
which correspond to the properties associated with a SNMPv2
party.
2.7. Conformance Statements
It may be useful to define the acceptable lower-bounds of
implementation, along with the actual level of implementation
achieved. It is the purpose of the Conformance Statements for
SNMPv2 document [15] to define the notation used for these
purposes. There are two kinds of notations:
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(1) Compliance statements are used when describing
requirements for agents with respect to object
definitions. An ASN.1 macro, MODULE-COMPLIANCE, is used
to concisely convey such requirements.
(2) Capability statements are used when describing
capabilities of agents with respect to object
definitions. An ASN.1 macro, AGENT-CAPABILITIES, is used
to concisely convey such capabilities.
Finally, collections of related objects are grouped together
to form a unit of conformance. An ASN.1 macro, OBJECT-GROUP,
is used to concisely convey the syntax and semantics of a
group.
Expires June 22, 1993 [Page 6]
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3. Acknowledgements
The SNMPv2 framework is based on the outstanding technical
direction pioneered by the original authors of the SGMP: James
R. (Chuck) Davin, of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science,
Mark S. Fedor, of Performance Systems International, Inc.,
Martin L. Schoffstall, also of PSI, and Jeffrey D. Case.
Since the invention of the SGMP in 1987, many individuals have
devoted much energy toward creating the unprecedented success
of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework. As
such, the list of people worthy of acknowledgement is too
great to enumerate here.
However, in retrospect, it seems clear that the concepts in
the original architecture, as envisioned by Chuck Davin, have
provided the basis for the success of the current framework.
We hope that the SNMPv2 framework will be able to successfully
build on this work.
Finally, the comments of the SNMP version 2 working group are
gratefully acknowledged:
Beth Adams, Network Management Forum
Steve Alexander, INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation
David Arneson, Cabletron Systems
Toshiya Asaba,
Fred Baker, ACC
Jim Barnes, Xylogics, Inc.
Brian Bataille
Andy Bierman, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
Uri Blumenthal, IBM Corporation
Fred Bohle, Interlink
Jack Brown
Theodore Brunner, Bellcore
Stephen F. Bush, GE Information Services
Deirdre C. Kostik, Bellcore
Jeff Case, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
John Chang, IBM Corporation
Szusin Chen, Sun Microsystems
Robert Ching
Chris Chiotasso, Ungermann-Bass
Bobby A. Clay, NASA/Boeing
John Cooke, Chipcom
Tracy Cox, Bellcore
Expires June 22, 1993 [Page 7]
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Juan Cruz, Datability, Inc.
David Cullerot, Cabletron Systems
Cathy Cunningham, Microcom
James R. (Chuck) Davin, Bellcore
Michael Davis, Clearpoint
Mike Davison, FiberCom
Cynthia DellaTorre, MITRE
Taso N. Devetzis, Bellcore
Manual Diaz, DAVID Systems, Inc.
Jon Dreyer, Sun Microsystems
Susan E. Hicks, Martin Marietta Energy Systems
David Engel, Optical Data Systems
Mike Erlinger, Lexcel
Roger Fajman, NIH
Daniel Fauvarque, Sun Microsystems
Karen Frisa, CMU
Shari Galitzer, MITRE
Shawn Gallagher, Digital Equipment Corporation
Richard Graveman, Bellcore
Maria Greene, Xyplex, Inc.
Michel Guittet, Apple
Robert Gutierrez, NASA
Bill Hagerty, Cabletron Systems
Gary W. Haney, Martin Marietta Energy Systems
Patrick Hanil, Nokia Telecommunications
Matt Hecht, SNMP Research, Inc.
Edward A. Heiner, Jr., Synernetics Inc.
Geral Holzhauer, Apple
John Hopprich, DAVID Systems, Inc.
Jeff Hughes, Hewlett-Packard
Robin Iddon, Axon Networks, Inc.
David Itusak
Kevin M. Jackson, Concord Communications, Inc.
Ole J. Jacobsen, Interop Company
Ronald Jacoby, Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Satish Joshi, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
Frank Kastenholz, FTP Software
Mark Kepke, Hewlett-Packard
Ken Key, SNMP Research, Inc.
Zbiginew Kielczewski, Eicon
Jongyeoi Kim
Andrew Knutsen, The Santa Cruz Operation
Michael L Kornegay, VisiSoft
Cheryl Krupczak, Georgia Tech
Steven L. Waldbusser, Carnegie Mellon Universitty
Expires June 22, 1993 [Page 8]
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Mark S. Lewis, Telebit
David Lin
David Lindemulder, AT&T/NCR
Ben Lisowski, Sprint
David Liu, Bell-Northern Research
John Lunny, The Wollongong Group
Robert C. Lushbaugh Martin, Marietta Energy Systems
Michael Luufer, BBN
Carl Madison, Star-Tek, Inc.
Keith McCloghrie, Hughes LAN Systems
Evan McGinnis, 3Com Corporation
Bill McKenzie, IBM Corporation
Donna McMaster, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
John Medicke, IBM Corporation
Doug Miller, Telebit
Dave Minnich, FiberCom
Mohammad Mirhakkak, MITRE
Rohit Mital, Protools
George Mouradian, AT&T Bell Labs
Patrick Mullaney, Cabletron Systems
Dan Myers, 3Com Corporation
Rina Nathaniel, Rad Network Devices Ltd.
Hien V. Nguyen, Sprint
Mo Nikain
Tom Nisbet
William B. Norton, MERIT
Steve Onishi, Wellfleet Communications, Inc.
David T. Perkins, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
Carl Powell, BBN
Ilan Raab, SynOptics Communications, Inc.
RIchard Ramons, AT&T
Venkat D. Rangan, Metric Network Systems, Inc.
Louise Reingold, Sprint
Sam Roberts, Farallon Computing, Inc.
Kary Robertson, Concord Communications, Inc.
Dan Romascanu, Lannet Data Communications Ltd.
Marshall T. Rose, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc.
Shawn A. Routhier, Epilogue Technology Corporation
Chris Rozman
Asaf Rubissa, Fibronics
Jon Saperia, Digital Equipment Corporation
Michael Sapich
Mike Scanlon, Interlan
Sam Schaen, MITRE
John Seligson, Ultra Network Technologies
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Paul A. Serice, Corporation for Open Systems
Chris Shaw, Banyan Systems
Timon Sloane
Robert Snyder, Cisco Systems
Joo Young Song
Roy Spitier, Sprint
Einar Stefferud, Network Management Associates
John Stephens, Cayman Systems, Inc.
Bob Stewart, Xyplex, Inc. (chair)
Kaj Tesink, Bellcore
Dean Throop, Data General
Ahmet Tuncay, France Telecom-CNET
Maurice Turcotte, Racal Datacom
Warren Vik, INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation
Yannis Viniotis
Steve Waldbusser, CMU
Timothy M. Walden, ACC
Alice Wang, Sun Microsystems
James Watt, Newbridge
Luanne Waul, Timeplex
Donald E. Westlake III, Digital Equipment Corporation
Gerry White
Bert Wijnen, IBM Corporation
Peter Wilson, 3Com Corporation
Steven Wong, Digital Equipment Corporation
Randy Worzella, IBM Corporation
Daniel Woycke, MITRE
Honda Wu
Jeff Yarnell, Protools
Chris Young, Cabletron
Kiho Yum, 3Com Corporation
Expires June 22, 1993 [Page 10]
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4. References
[1] M.T. Rose and K. McCloghrie, Structure and Identification
of Management Information for TCP/IP-based internets.
Request for Comments 1155, (May, 1990).
[2] M.T. Rose and K. McCloghrie, Concise MIB Definitions.
Request for Comments 1212, (March, 1991).
[3] J.D. Case, M.S. Fedor, M.L. Schoffstall, and J.R. Davin,
Simple Network Management Protocol. Request for Comments
1157, (May, 1990).
[4] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L. Waldbusser,
Coexistence between version 1 and version 2 of the
Internet-standard Network Management Framework.
Internet-Draft, (December 22, 1992). |
[5] Information processing systems - Open Systems
Interconnection - Specification of Abstract Syntax
Notation One (ASN.1), International Organization for
Standardization. International Standard 8824, (December,
1987).
[6] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L. Waldbusser,
Structure of Management Information for version 2 of the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2). Internet-
Draft, (December 22, 1992). |
[7] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L. Waldbusser,
Textual Conventions for version 2 of the the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2). Internet-Draft, |
(December 22, 1992). |
[8] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L. Waldbusser,
Protocol Operations for version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv2). Internet-Draft, (December |
22, 1992). |
[9] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L. Waldbusser,
Transport Mappings for version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv2). Internet-Draft, (December |
22, 1992). |
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Draft Introduction to SNMPv2 Dec 92
[10] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L. Waldbusser,
Management Information Base for version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2). Internet-Draft, |
(December 22, 1992). |
[11] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L. Waldbusser,
Manager to Manager Management Information Base.
Internet-Draft, (December 22, 1992). |
[12] J.R. Davin, J.M. Galvin, K. McCloghrie, Administrative
Model for version 2 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMPv2). Internet-Draft, (December 22, 1992). |
[13] J.M. Galvin, K. McCloghrie, J.R. Davin, Security
Protocols for version 2 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMPv2). Internet-Draft, (December 22, 1992). |
[14] K. McCloghrie, J.R. Davin, J.M. Galvin, Party MIB for
version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv2). Internet-Draft, (December 22, 1992). |
[15] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L. Waldbusser,
Conformance Statements for version 2 of the the Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2). Internet-Draft, |
(December 22, 1992). |
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction .......................................... 2
2 Components of the SNMPv2 Framework .................... 3
2.1 Structure of Management Information ................. 3
2.2 Textual Conventions ................................. 4
2.3 Protocol Operations ................................. 4
2.4 Transport Mappings .................................. 4
2.5 Protocol Instrumentation ............................ 5
2.6 Administrative Framework ............................ 5
2.7 Conformance Statements .............................. 5
3 Acknowledgements ...................................... 7
4 References ............................................ 11
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